Which term describes the breakdown of chemicals by living organisms in the environment?

Biodegradation refers to the process by which living organisms, particularly microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, break down organic substances, including chemicals and pollutants, into simpler, non-toxic forms. This natural process is crucial for maintaining environmental health, as it helps in the recycling of nutrients and the detoxification of harmful substances.

In this context, biodegradation highlights the ability of ecosystems to mitigate the impact of chemical pollutants by utilizing biological processes. This is important for environmental sustainability, as it reduces the accumulation of harmful chemicals and supports the overall health of the ecosystem.

Other options, while relevant in the broader context of pesticide use and environmental science, do not specifically address the breakdown of chemicals by living organisms. Biological control refers to the use of natural enemies to manage pest populations, while biopesticide action focuses on pest management using biological agents. Bioaccumulation effects relate to the process by which substances accumulate in living organisms over time, which can lead to toxic concentrations but does not involve the breakdown or degradation of those substances.